Comparisons menunjukkan tingkat perbedaan berdasarkan adjectives dan adverbs. Atau dapat juga menunjukkan tingkat persamaan.
I. EQUAL COMPARISONS
Equal comparisons menunjukkan persamaan (equality) dua benda/subjek.
Rumus: subject + verb + as + adjective/adverb + as + noun/pronoun
Note: dalam kalimat negative, terkadang dapat juga menggunakan so untuk menggantikan as.
Contoh:
ü I am as tall as my brother.
ü I am not as tall as my brother. -atau dapat juga- I am not so tall as my brother.
Note: pronoun yang digunakan setelah as adalah subject pronouns.
Contoh:
ü Frank is as old as I. Kalimat yang salah: frank is as old as me.
ü Her mom is as pretty as she. Kalimat yang salah: Her mom is as pretty as her.
Contoh untuk equal comparisons:
ü Your story is as boring as her story. (adjective)
ü My car runs as fast as yours. (adverb)
ü She cooks as well as her mother. (adverb)
ü She is as smart as her sister. (adjective)
Selain menggunakan verb + as + adjective/adverb + as, equal comparisons dapat juga diungkapkan dengan menggunakan the same.
Rumus: subject + verb + the same + (noun) + as pronoun/noun
Contoh:
ü My home is as big as his. My home is the same size as his. (as big as sama artinya dengan the same size as)
ü His exam grade was the same as hers. (tidak memerlukan keterangan noun)
Equal Comparisons dengan menggunakan Nouns
Rumus: subject + verb + as + many/much/little/fer + noun + as + noun/pronoun
Note: pastikan menggunakan determiner yang benar di suatu kalimat berdasarkan countable atau noncountable dari noun/pronoun yang diperbandingkan.
Contoh:
ü She earns as much knowledge as her sister.
ü I have as little money as my sister.
II. UNEQUAL COMPARISONS
Jenis comparisons ini menunjukkan dua hal/benda/subjek yang dibandingkan memiliki perbedaan tingkat perbandingan diantaranya, salah satu lebih tinggi atau lebih rendah. Dalam kalimat ditunjukkan dengan penambahan -er,more, atau less di adjective atau adverbnya. Seperti: faster, slower, more beautiful, dll. Namun terdapat beberapa adjective/adverb yang memeiliki bentuk irregular dalam menunjukkan unequal comparisons, seperti better, worse, dll.
Rumus:
subject + verb + adjective/adverb + er + than +noun/pronoun.
Subject + verb + more/less + adjective/adverb + noun/pronoun.
Terdapat beberapa catatan dalam menggunakan -er, more, less.
1. Penambahan -er digunakan untuk adjective/adverb yang memiliki satu atau dua suku kata. (thicker, colder, quiter)
2. More digunakan pada adjective/adverb yang memiliki suku kata lebih dari dua. (more beautiful, more important)
3. More digunakan pada adjective/adverb yang berakhiran -ed, -ful, -ing, -ish, dan -ous. (more useful, more boring, more cautious)
4. Menggandakan huruf terakhir dari adjective/adverb yang berakhiran satu huruf konsonan dan memiliki satu vokal(vowel). (bigger, redder, hotter)
5. Adjective/adverb yang berakhiran huruf konsonan -y, ubah menjadi –i dan kemudian tambahkan –er.(happier, drier)
Note: additional -er di adjective/adverb dalam comparisons sentences memiliki arti yang sama dengan more (lebih), sehingga keduanya tidak mungkin dapat digunakan bersamaan di dalam sebuah kalimat. Contoh: more smarter, more higher, more longer
Unequal comparisons dapat ditambahkan kata much atau far sebelum comparive form (adjective+er/more+adjectiv, etc) dalam sebuah kalimat yang berarti penekanan.
ü Franks pants are far cheaper than Dons.
ü His salay is much bigger than her salary.
Unequal Comparisons menggunakan Nouns
Rumus: subject + verb + more/fewer/less + noun + than + noun/pronoun
Note: fewer digunakan untuk countable noun, less digunakan untuk noncountable noun.
Contoh:
ü I have more money than he.
ü April has fewer days than March.
III. SUPERLATIVE
IV. MULTIPLE NUMBER COMPARATIVES
Contoh: dua kali lebih banyak, tiga kali lebih banyak, dll.
Rumus: subject + verb + number multiple + as + much/many + (noun) + as + noun/pronoun
Contoh:
ü The red car costs twice as much as the blue car.
ü We have three times as much money as they.
Note: kalimat berikut salah; twice more than.
V. DOUBLE COMPARISONS
Kalimat yang memiliki dua bentuk perbandingan (comparisons), terdiri dari dua klausa.
Rumus:
the + comparative + subject + verb + the + comparative + subject + verb
the + more + subject + verb + the + comparative + subject + verb
contoh:
ü The faster you ride your car, the sooner you will arrive to your home.
ü The harder you speak, the easier we understand.
Irregular comparatives and superlatives
Terdapat beberapa adjectives dan adverbs memiliki bentuk comparative dan superlative yang khusus (irregular)
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